The invisible hand theory, is how the world today works. Everything is supply and demand. Today people can be what ever they want to be, some times they will succeed and some times they wont. They can do any job or profession they want, usually has to do with what they think will make them the most money at the time. This idea that adam had come up with is today considered the most effective way to go about things. What Im still curious about is how supply and demand came to be known as the invisible hand.

theory of the invisible hand

The reading was about supply and demand. Adam believes with this theory of supply and demand he will get people to buy the products. He talks about economy becoming better through its consumers, since it is dependent on it.  When demanding on consumers the supply is going to vary from time to time. This can be very good for the economy and very bad it means at points thing may sell very well and your shop may be booming but then it could also mean that you shop could be out of business because its not selling anything because of a time in the year or just anything.

When industrialization spread through the USA and Russia, it had all ready started in western europe. In the 1900s is had basically spread ever were. The out comes were basically the same every were. Even though the out comes were very similar by 1914 the united states was the worlds leading industrial power.  One of the big things that happened was that the difference between the poor and the rich grew. There was a lot of labor for the working class at this point, there was not a problem about getting a job.

chapter 18

They talked about the freedom of the individual person. Also another big thing was europe transformation   to the modern time. They also had a big scientific revolution. And there population grew. The biggest invention was the steam engine. This changed transportation and alot of things like trade and how long it took to get from one place to another.

In all places there is the lower class and the higher class. The biggest class is always the lower class. This is how it was in Europe, and in france not the nobles or church. These people usually live vary bad and harsh lives and are sometimes forced to do things that they don't want to do. There was a north American revolution.   There was also a french revolution which caused a huge slave revolt. The slaves slowly with time started to have power. There was also the latin American revolution with the spanish colonies. This time was filled with a bunch of revolutions that changed a lot of things, in terms of the lower classes.

chapter 17 507-524

What was interesting to me was the Haiti was the one of the first american countries that gained independence. Haiti had a lot of slavery at the time but still managed to be one of the first. Haiti used to be called Saint Domingue. It had a lot of plantations about 800,000 the produced sugar and coffee. The majority of the people there were slaves the rest were Caucasian and other cultures.

Trade was big from the 15 century to the 19th century. What was interesting was trade could be very dangerous, people died were stollen from forced in to labor, beaten and so on. Slave trafficking became big during this time. Portuguese explores went to Africa and found a lot of slaves. The was also act one and act two.  Tomas jefferson was ruling france at the time except they were in really bad condition. Also king louis wanted to raise taxes. During this time period a lot was going on.

chapter 17

In chapter 17 there was a few revolutions, the atlantic revolution was a famous revolution that was in europe. The one after was the Haitian revolution, the french revolution and the spanish American revolution.The revolution had slaves which were made to do all the busy work and hard labor. What was interesting to me was that Thomas Jefferson was the ambassador of france.  Some of the things going across the atlantic was newspapers, books and pamphlets. By the end of each revolution, it would show and represent the new world.

The enlightenment was about learning and gathering knowledge. They were big on the hole community learning not one person, because it does no good for one person to have knowledge and no one else. It was also in a sense to open your eyes and see something new that you hadn't seen before. Its also about thinking for your self and making your own decisions.  what was surprising to me was why its called the 19th century since the times are different.

Immanuel Kant says enlightenment: "it's a man's release from his self-incurred tutelage." I believe the author was looking at our time and saying the we have a lack of knowledge and free will.  A big part of this for me is that people should be able to  make there own decisions and know why they did. The author said that when people are able to achieve enlightenment they are basically free and that freedom plays a huge part in enlightenment. 

chapter 16 second part

In school christianity was mandatory and forced on the students who went there. I don't think this was right at all. Religion shouldn't be forced on kids at school. they should have the right to believe what ever they want to believe. Christianity was limited to Europe.  Christianity was divided between the Roman Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox. Another part is the rebirth of science. The revolution changed a lot of ideas. This challenged the church and what they had to say. What science had was proof, and it became so popular and it spread al over.